4. CRIMINATION ORGANIZED CAMPANA to. Analysis of the phenomenon and evolutionary profiles.

The Mafia crime bell, conventionally defined Camorra, is manifested in the form of a plurality of delinquential, heterogeneous and complex phenomena, characterized by evolutionary peculiarities induced by the many historical, economic and social factors deriving from the territorial contexts of reference.

In the criminal scenario of Campania, as described in detail in the chapters below illustrated, there are historical mafia associations with established structures and persistent criminal-business myres protected beyond the traditional boundaries of the areas of origin.

Alongside these, there are minor delinquency formations, mainly of family type, whose main identity factor is represented by the territory in which they try to assert their criminal leadership, often resorting to violent actions.

In the period under constant and incisive examination was the activity of contrast to the peasant sodalizi implemented by the Institutions put to the chair of legality through initiatives of both judicial nature and prevention Antimafia, which allowed to contain the phenomenon especially in its most virulent manifestations.

The analysis of the judicial and administrative measures Antimafia continued in the semester has thus allowed to outline the current picture of the crime in the Region that remains characterized by the presence of a multiplicity of chamoristic aggregations having significant differences depending on the respective areas of influence taken in reference.

The provinces of Naples and Caserta remain the highest and qualified mafia density.

It is here, in fact, that the presence of the great camoristic signs and the more structured sodalizi that, in addition to having assumed the management of all the illicit activities, have gradually evolved in the form of c.d.

"mafia enterprises" become competitive and strongly attractive in the different sectors of the legal economy.

It follows, therefore, the growing tendency of the more developed clans to "delocalize" economic activities abroad for the purposes of money laundering and reinvestment with the aim of transferring wealth to geographical areas considered safer and more remunerative.

At a lower level, smaller groups are found, often in an instrumental and functional position to overlapping organizations, mainly devoted to traditional illegal affairs such as drug trafficking, extortion and the usury which affect the social perception of insecurity.

A further and insidious threat is constituted by the most subdole and refined strategies adopted by the more structured and oriented chamoristic organizations to the infiltration of the economy and finance also through collusive and corrupt practices.

The substantial illicit capital available to these organizations, mainly from drug trafficking, as soon as reused in the legal economy, sometimes irreversibly alter the normal market rules and freedom of enterprise, allowing them to acquire dominant, or even monopolistic positions in entire economic sectors.

2nd semester 4. Organized crime bell

Frequently, there are cases of pervasive ingestion within the public administration of Campania to condition its regular decision-making processes for the custody of public contracts, another sector of priority criminal interest.

Thanks to the network of relations between certain representatives of local administrations and enterprises, the clans manage to win important public contracts both with direct entrustments in favor of companies connected to them, and through sub-contracts.

In this sense, the investigations undertaken by the Extraordinary Commissions established, in the only 2nd half of 2022, in 6 Neapolitan Municipalities and Dissolved Casers for established infiltrations of organized crime, as well as the 40 opposing measures Antimafia adopted, in the same period, by the Prefects of the provinces of Naples, Caserta and Benevento, to the charge of companies considered to be criminal.

The most recent investigations have also highlighted a growing and widespread interest in high profit illicit activities and with reduced judicial risk such as fuel smuggling, the appeal to the creation of a company "cartiere" (fittitiously constituted for the supply of petroleum products without the application of VAT), tax frauds, bankrupt insurance scams, as well as the control of real estate supplies.

Drug dealing, extortion, the usury, however, still remain the most widespread and remunerative criminal areas for groups, even minors, always ready to contend with the control of the territory.

In this regard, in the semester under review, in the city of Naples a recrudescence of the contrast between sodalizi albeit referred to entities subordinate to the two great chamoristic consorteries, which will be said later in the follow-up of the treatment.

Further scope of interest for the chamoristic organizations active in the capital has been revealed to be the management of the popular houses that takes particular importance for the consequent negative reflections on the local social context and since, in addition to being a significant source of profit for the clans, it represents an effective way of controlling the territory.

In fact, some housing would have been abusively attributed to criminal organizations with the consequent and forced displacement imposed on "unwelcome" allotrs, in absolute contempt of public rankings.

An illegal practice that has already been the subject of attention of the Order Forces which, on 29 November 20223, have cleared 16 communal apartments in a building in the district of San Ferdinando (Pizzofalcone area) abusively occupied by some individuals considered "vicini" to mafiosi sodalizi.

Also in the metropolitan area, finally, emerge the actions placed in existence from the cc.d. baby gang and those manifestations generally connected with forms of youth deviance which, as

In the second half of 2022, in Campania are dissolved for mafia infiltrations, ex art. 143 of the Legislative Decree 18 agosto 2000, n.

267 (Unique Text on Local Authorities), and subject to the administration of the Extraordinary Commissions Municipalities of Marano di Napoli (NA), Villaricca (NA), Castellammare di Stabia (NA), Torre Annunziata (NA), San Giuseppe Vesuviano (NA) and Sparanise (CE), the latter with D.P.R. of 19 dicembre 2022.

Like those who, although legitimate assigns of housing, belong to some rival clans.

Previously, the Order Forces had notified the abusive occupants 16 decretes of seizure issued by the GIP of the Tribunal of Naples with which they were distrusted to free the housing.

the activity carried out and the results achieved by Anti-Mafia Investigation Directorate

SEMESTRAL RELATION TO the well-known PARLIAMENT, find fertile soil especially in "degraded" environmental contexts and characterized by a high school dispersion rate4.

Although in the absence of unique elements of the relationship between the phenomenon in question and organized crime, the climate of widespread illegality can initially constitute for young people a drive to search for a self-affirmation through illicit conduct which, at a later time, could also represent a reason for attraction to the camorrista5 criminal circuit.

Below will be represented the criminal phenomenon in the territory of Campania that, for purely analytic purposes and for a more easy exposure, has been divided into the following macro-areas: the City of Naples and its province, the province of Caserta, that of Salerno and those of Avellino and Benevento.