c.

Analysis of the criminal phenomenon of Camorra and other mafia organizations The Mafia phenomenon is uniquely defined by the term Camorra, in fact it consists of a plurality of criminal events taking heterogeneous connotations because of the many historical, economic and social factors that have influenced over time the territories of origin.

In addition to historical mafia associations, equipped with consolidated organizational structures and diversified criminal-business objectives, often projected beyond the traditional boundaries of the areas of origin, coexist minor delinquential formations, predominantly familial, whose main identity factor is represented by the territory in which they try to assert their criminal leadership, often resorting to the use of weapons and violent actions.

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Half-yearly report TO PARLIAMENT The provinces of Naples and Caserta remain the highest and qualified mafia density.

It is here, in fact, that the presence of the great camoristic signs and the more structured sodalizi that, in addition to having assumed the management of all the illicit activities, have gradually evolved in the form of c.d.

"mafia enterprises" become competitive and strongly attractive in the different sectors of the legal economy.

It follows, therefore, the growing tendency of the more developed clans to "delocalize" economic activities abroad for the purposes of money laundering and reinvestment with the aim of transferring wealth to geographical areas considered safer and more remunerative.

At a lower level, smaller groups are found, often in an instrumental and functional position to overlapping organizations, mainly devoted to traditional illicit affairs such as drug trafficking, extortion and the usury which are more impacted on the level of perception of security in the Campanian territories.

A further and insidious threat is constituted by the most subdole and refined strategies adopted by the more consolidated and oriented chamoristic organizations to the infiltration of the economy and finance also through collusive and corrupt practices.

The substantial illicit capitals, mainly from drug trafficking, reused in the legal economy, irreparably alter the normal market rules and freedom of enterprise, allowing these organizations to acquire dominant positions, or even monopolistic, in entire sectors of the economy and local entrepreneurship.

There are frequent cases of pervasive ingestion in the local authorities of Campania to condition its regular decision-making processes for the custody of public contracts, another sector of priority interest of the Camorra.

Thanks to the strong ability to plot articulated relations with some representatives of the local administrations and enterprises, the clans manage to win important public orders both with direct entrustments in favor of companies connected to them, and through the appeal to sub-contracts.

In this sense, the anti-organized crime anti-administrative activity on the administrative prevention front was also directed, which led the Campania Prefectious Authorities to adopt 80 interdictive measures9 under the same number of companies for which symptomatic elements of a mafia conditioning were detected.

The most recent investigations have also highlighted a growing and widespread interest in high profit illicit activities and with reduced judicial risk such as fuel smuggling, the appeal to the companies "cartiere" for the issue of invoices for non-existent operations in order to recycle money or to carry out tax fraud, insurance scams, as well as obtain control of bankruptcy and real estate procedures.

However, the drug, extortion and the usury still remain the most popular and most remunerative criminal sectors for camoristic groups, even minor ones, always ready to contend with the control of the territory also not hesitate to do appeal

Of which 61 measures adopted by the Prefect of Naples and 19 by the Prefect of Caserta.

2. Matrici Mafiose to use violence.

In this regard, in the semester under review, in the Campania capital and in the territories of the province a recrudescence of the contrast between sodalizi10, whose peculiar characteristic is represented by the very young age of the protagonists and the availability of weapons, also from war11.

In the city of Naples and in the immediate province, in particular, an analysis of the delinquential manifestations obtained from the examination of the copious judicial literature and of the numerous preventive and repressive activities carried out by the Institutions at the head of legality, returns a picture where there are heterogeneous criminal phenomena, with different evolutionary levels.

At a higher level there are two main antagonistic camoristic signs dominating the capital and surrounding areas: on the one hand the ANNEX DI SECONDIGLIANO, composed of the families MALLARDO, CONTINI-BOSTI and LICCIARDI, the first two linked also by bonds of kinship, on the other the clan MAZZARELLA.

These organizations are more insidious because, in addition to pursuing the most classic illicit interests, mainly through smaller groups that are federated, enjoying their autonomy in a restricted area, they also resort to more sophisticated strategies of infiltration of the Neapolitan economic and social fabric.

At the lowest level, finally, there is a presence of small criminal formations that, by making up the real mano-value of drug dealing activities, robberies and extortions, in a condition of permanent conflict, contend with violent modes of small urban spaces.

In the territories of the northern hinterland of the Campania capital, are rooted numerous other camoristic clans, some historians and with established organizational structures, others resized by the incessant repressive actions and conflict with rival clans.

Speaking of which, the bloody feuds that from 2004 to 2012 affected the territories of the Neapolitan districts of Scampia and Secondigliano, between the LAURO clan, once a leader in the traffic of narcotics, and the camoristic groups from it detached, for this reason called SCISSIONISTI (or SPAGNOLI), with the head of the AMATO-PAGANO clan and to which other families among which the ABETE, the ABBINANTE, the NEWS, the LEONARDI, the MARINO, the APREA and the group of the VANELLA GRASSI (from the name of the street from which they come).

The conflict, as known, ended with the victory of the SCISSIONS cartel on

In the first 6 months of 2023, in the city of Naples alone there were 8 murders and 14 wounds attributable to chamoristic fields, in the face of total 12 murders and 20 wounds of fire of similar matrix, occurred in the entire territory of the province.

This data confirms the conflict climate already detected during the 2nd half of 2022, which recorded 8 murders and 23 incidents reported in the entire Neapolitan province.

In the semester under review, in the Province of Napoli, the Police Forces performed the seizure of numerous weapons even of high offensive potential.

In particular, 2 marzo 2023, in Giugliano in Campania (NA), Polizia di Stato and Guardia di Finanza have performed a decree search for Procura Naples district within a home to a well-known Neapolitan drug broker, arrested in Dubai (Arab Emirates) in 2021.

The activity led to the discovery and seizure of 3 Kalashnikov machine guns, 4 precision rifles, 1 pump rifle, a hand bomb, 7 rifles, 38 guns and numerous ammunition of various calibers.

The 5 maggio 2023, in Pomigliano d'Arco (NA), the Polizia di Stato has arrested a prisoner who circulated on board a stolen car on which 1 Kalashnikov machine gun and 3 guns were found.

The search was extended to a warehouse in the availability of the arbitration located in the neighboring municipality of Casalnuovo (NA) where others were found 2 Kalashnikov rifles, 3 guns, 4 rifles and numerous ammunition, as well as various accessories with symbols of the various police forces.

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Half-yearly report TO LAURO clan PARLIAMENT, confined in the area c.d.

Third World (Secondilian district of Naples) where it still exercises control of the territory, despite the detention or death by natural causes of some of its apical figures, thanks above all to the undisputed economic solidity deriving from the profits accumulated over the years in the management of illicit activities.

Following fractures inside the SCISSIONS cartel, the Amateur-PAGANO clan, forced to withdraw from the territories of Scampia and Secondigliano, he folded into the Municipality of Melito of Naples (NA) where he continues to exercise control of the local squares of spaccio.

The AMATO-PAGANO clan today presents itself as an organization with a solid military structure and a remarkable ability to infiltration the economic fabric and conditioning of the public administration.

This would be confirmed by the operation "Playmaker", concluded by the DIA of Naples the 18 aprile 2023 with the execution of an ruling of precautionary custody12 with members of the Amateur-PAGANO clan and members of the elective compagine of the Municipality of Melito of Naples (NA).

Following the aforementioned event, the local City Council was dissolved with DPR of the 30 maggio 2023 under the TUEL art. 143.

According to judicial reconstructions, the rise of the Amateur-PAGANO clan in the drug market is closely linked to the criminal history of an international drug broker of Neapolitan origins, arrested in Dubai (Arab Emirates) in 2021, with which he had established a privileged relationship for the supply of drugs.

The figure of the broker, already found in other criminal matrices, is symptomatic of the level of danger reached by the Camoristic clans since it connotes in a global sense the size of the illegal traffics and therefore of the relative flows of capital they manage.

Continuing in the analysis of some of the criminal organizations of the partenopeo panorama most representative of the mafia phenomenon of Campania, a particular reference should be addressed to the MOCCIA clan of Afragola (NA), still operating although the subject of constant repressive actions that have already led to the condemnation of numerous summit elements and gregari and induced some of them to undertake the way of collaboration with justice.

The MOCCIA clan represents a criminal aggregate of considerable dimensions (for the number of affiliates and for the vastness of the controlled territory), active in the areas of the northern hinterland of Naples (Afragola, Casoria, Crispano, Caivano, Frattamaggiore, Frattaminore, Cardito and Arzano), which has evolved over time in a sort of confederation of several minor groups, each with its own autonomy and territorial competence.

In 2018, the operation "Leviathan"13, concluded by the DIA of Naples, allowed, among other things, to outline the "piramidal" structure of the organization that is described as "... aggregated of multiple local criminal groups, each of which led by a "senator".

The relationships with the base of the group are curated by "luogotenenti", linked to the "sentore" by a trust bond. The "sentors" are required to take account of their work to a superior, who acts as a "coordinator", appointed directly

N. 13850/2021 RGNR, n. 7239/2022 RG GIP and n. 98/2023 ROCC issued the 27 marzo 2023 from the Court of Naples.

The 23 gennaio 2018, the DIA Operational Centre in Naples, the Polizia di Stato, the Carabinieri and the Guardia di Finanza, as part of the "Leviathan" operation, have implemented the ruling of custody no.

30350/13 RGNR - 18835/16 RG GIP - 5/18 RMC, issued the 5 gennaio 2018 from The Court of Naples is charged with 45 persons, accused of mafia association, illegal detention of common weapons and war, extortion and money laundering, with the aggravating modes and mafia purposes.

The investigation involved several apical and affiliated representatives of the Camoristic organization called MOCCIA clan, operating in Afragola, in other municipalities of the northern hinterland of Naples and with projections in the Capital, allowing to reconstruct the organizational structure of pyramid type, as well as the main illicit areas.

2. Matrici Mafiose from the Moccia family and their direct referent..."14.

This stratification of roles is intended to minimize the risk of any involvement in investigative activities and has allowed the criminal partner to overcome the criticalities deriving from the numerous judicial investigations and to preserve a considerable operational capacity that still places it among the most insidious chamoristic organizations in the national landscape.

Despite the territorial rooting in the north of the Neapolitan province, the MOCCIA family, in fact, managed to extend its sphere of influence far beyond the territory of origin as documented by some investigations that highlighted their solid and functional relations with other groups, also non-Camoristic.

The enormous financial availability has allowed the clan to take on a real entrepreneurial dimension thanks to a diversification of investments in many sectors of the economy and a strong attitude to tighten relations with qualified subjects of the economic world and of the local policy that has allowed him to carry out numerous capital investments even in Lazio and, in particular, in Rome.

In the municipality of Caivano (NA), sadly known to the chronicles for the recent rape episodes of which two minor cousins have been victims, the criminal dynamics are particularly fluid due to a hyper-competitiveness between the local chamoristic societies, which try to assert supremacy on the territory by flaunting their military capacity with "extensions" and armed clashes, and a constant and incisive action.

In particular, the historical supremacy of the clan SAUTTO-CICCARELLI, which in December 2022 was the subject of a police operation15 with the arrest of numerous summit and gregari elements, would seem today questioned by the attempt to scale by the GALLO-ANGELINO clan that, as documented by a precarious measure16 performed the 8 giugno 2023, would take advantage of the detention of the clan's leadership SAUTTO-CICCARELLI to take control of illegal activities in the territory.

The latter is characterized by the presence of numerous squares of spaccio, in particular in the popular complexes known as "Green Park" and "Bronx" (Rion IACP), area defined in judicial acts "one of the main markets of open-air drugs of Western Europe"17.

The condition of the Park Green of Caivano, a popular complex built in the 1980s after the earthquake of Irpinia with the state appropriations, is common to so many realities of the periphery, where the absence of services and infrastructure feed a widespread social degradation and imposes a criminal subculture that allows the chamoristic sodalizi to rise to alternative referents to the state.

The 17 ottobre 2023, during the preparation of this document, in the Municipality of Caivano the extraordinary commission for the provisional management of the Board for the duration of 18 months, appointed with DPR ex art.

143 TUEL as a result of proven mafia infiltrations that have exposed the administration to pressure conditioning. In the Province of Caserta, the most recent investigative evidence has documented the persistent operation of the CASALESI camoristic cartel.

The copious judicial documentation in this regard has outlined the evolution of the structure of

order (page 28 and 29) n. 30350/2013 RGNR, n. 18835/2016 RGGIP and n. 5/2018 RMC, issued 5 gennaio 2018 by the Court of First Instance Naples.

N. 30152/2016 RGNR - 5392/2018 RG GIP and n. 391/2022 ROC issued the 14 novembre 2022 from the Court of Naples.

N. 20178/2019 RGNR - 25155/2022 RG GIP - 55/2023 OCC.

order (page 37) n. 30752/2016 RGNR - 5392/2018 RG GIP - 391/2022 OCC issued the 14 novembre 2022 from the Court of Naples.

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Half-yearly report TO PARLIAMENT what has been defined in the past by the magistrates "without the theme of denial, the most powerful mafia group operating in Campania... from the more known ones to the Sicilian Mafia organizations than to the remaining chamoristic organizations bells"18.

According to procedural reconstructions, the consortium has experienced several stages. Until 1988, in the province of Casertana has operated a single criminal group with the summit the BARDELLINO family and, in subordinate position, the groups SCHIAVONE, BIDOGNETTI, IOVINE and DE FALCO.

Subsequently, after deliberating the murder of the charismatic leader of the BARDELLINO and his men of trust, they took over in the direction of the clan of CASALESI managing its illicit affairs also thanks to a "common cash".

Over time there have been bloody clashes, arrests and collaborations with justice, which have led to incisive changes in force relations, until the current balances with the emancipation of the individual factions identifiable in the families SCHIAVONE, BIDOGNETTI, ZAGARIA and IOVINE, which preserve their own managerial autonomy while maintaining collaborative relationships.

Overall, the geo-criminal map of Casertana detects the presence of organizations historically known by a close family membership of the respective components and a solid propensity to infiltrate the economic and social fabric, not only local, often intervening in local political choices.

Indeed, historically documented projections of the CASALESI clan in other regions of the peninsula (Lazio, Tuscany, Emilia Romagna, Veneto) and also abroad, where this organization has manifested itself mainly through infiltration in the legal economy.

The evolution of the Camorra was influenced by the increasingly advanced and sophisticated forms of investment of illicit capital and the development of the local socio-economic context to the extent of holding companies whose leadership are chosen highly professional figures, capable of interloquire and interacting with entrepreneurs, representatives of local policy, public and private administrators.

The current interest of the camoristic organizations of the case is to penetrate the decision-making mechanisms of the public administration in order to enter own companies/enterprises in strategic sectors, such as those of the great organized distribution, of the service of funeral honors, socio-school services and welfare (c.d.

Third sector). Not infrequently entrepreneurs connected with the organized crime interact directly with unfaithful officials of the public administration in a perspective of common profit.

The territory of Province of Salerno is characterized by a marked geographical heterogeneity with socio-economic peculiarities that also condition the local criminal scenario.

In the border areas, the territorial contiguity with the Malavitose environments of the provinces of Naples, Caserta and the neighboring Calabria tends to favour the influence of the historical mafiosi peasant and Calabrian sodalizis with which the groups of Salerno, not seldom, establish relations Business.

As with other bells, there is also a plurality of different matrix sodalizi, each with its own area of influence and a high degree of autonomy.

In addition to more structured organizations, new emerging groups, mainly devoted to drug trafficking and more traditional illegal activities, such as extortion and predatory crimes, sometimes resorting to violent actions.

Historical and thicker criminal organizations have developed more incisive

As stated by the GIP (page 6) in the ruling precautionary custody n. 66575/2010 RGNR - 5114/2011 RG GIP - 660/2011 OCC issued the 27 ottobre 2011 from the Tribunal of Naples, in the premise regarding the existence of the CASALESI clan.

2.

Matrici Mafiose penetration capacity in the socio-economic, political and entrepreneurial local fabric, aimed at acquiring spaces in some neuralgic sectors of the provincial economy such as the realization of public works, the management of supplies and public services for the environment also through the conditioning of the local bodies.

The provinces of Benevento and Avellino, finally, are characterized mainly by the presence of camoristic organizations with a strong familial connotation, mainly due to the spread of narcotics and to the extortion in damage of local businesses and commercial activities.

In particular, in the Caudina Valley, between the provinces of Avellino and Benevento, it would remain the presence of the PAGNOZZI clan whose historical apical figures are deceased or held and that, therefore, would be currently governed by less charismatic subjects.

Its illicit interests concern the racket of extortion in damage of construction companies and commercial activities, the traffic of narcotics, the money laundering of its proceeds, as well as games and bets, in particular the distribution of slot machines in bars, games rooms and receivers.

Previous investigations would document the presence of the clan even outside the Region and, above all, to Rome, where it would have close alliances with organic subjects to criminal organizations rooted there.

The PAGNOZZI clan would also exercise its criminal influence in other areas of the Province of Benevento using allied groups with a family structure.

The Camoristic clans mentioned above do not exhaust the criminal landscape of Campania, but they represent the typical structural and organizational models to which the mafia organizations present in the Region for which detail refers to the reading of the individual provinces.