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Unclessify — Rivista di Investigazione e Declassificazione, Fondata da Graziano Costantino
Unclessify — Rivista di Investigazione e Declassificazione, Fondata da Graziano Costantino
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I registri dell’FBI sulle figure storiche: anatomia della sorveglianza federale tra Guerra Fredda e intelligence interna
Atto Acquisito: The Black Vault — archivio documenti desecretati

I registri dell’FBI sulle figure storiche: anatomia della sorveglianza federale tra Guerra Fredda e intelligence interna

The Black Vault — archivio documenti desecretatiItalia2026declassified
#FBI#The Black Vault#FOIA#Declassificazione#Sorveglianza#Guerra Fredda#Intelligence#Diritti Civili

Fonte di Approfondimento Investigativo Validata: The Black Vault — archivio documenti desecretati — Italia

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Clausola di Trasparenza & Diritto di Cronaca

Dossier e analisi redatti dalla redazione di Unclessify a partire da atti pubblici, registri ufficiali e documentazione declassificata rilasciati da The Black Vault — archivio documenti desecretati. La contestualizzazione storico-giudiziaria, la sintesi analitica e il commento critico sono a cura di Unclessify nel rispetto dell'art. 21 della Costituzione (diritto di informazione) e della dottrina del Fair Use / Pubblico Interesse.

Consulta la Politica Editoriale e la Trasparenza delle Fonti →

Documentazione & Atti Ufficiali

Lead

La declassificazione di ampi archivi federali consente oggi di ricostruire i meccanismi con cui gli apparati di sicurezza degli Stati Uniti hanno monitorato e condizionato la sfera pubblica nel corso del Novecento. L’accesso a questi documenti storici rivela non soltanto l’ampiezza dei soggetti posti sotto osservazione, ma anche le prassi operative adottate dall’agenzia investigativa per raccogliere informazioni e neutralizzare figure ritenute scomode. Questa documentazione costituisce un bene pubblico essenziale per comprendere i confini reali dell’azione statale e la tutela dei diritti civili.

Contesto storico e geopolitico

Lo spettro della Guerra Fredda e il controllo del dissenso

Nel corso del ventesimo secolo, l’attività dell’FBI si è sviluppata lungo una linea di faglia segnata dalla contrapposizione ideologica della Guerra Fredda e dalle trasformazioni sociali interne. L’apparato investigativo federale ha esteso progressivamente il proprio raggio d’azione, passando dal contrasto al crimine comune alla sorveglianza sistematica di sindacalisti, attivisti politici, scienziati e diplomatici. La paura della penetrazione ideologica straniera ha giustificato una raccolta capillare di dati su centinaia di individui e associazioni civili.

Le tensioni geopolitiche globali hanno trasformato la sicurezza interna in uno strumento di monitoraggio permanente di ogni voce non allineata alle istituzioni governative. Le manifestazioni studentesche, i fermenti antirazzisti e le lotte per i diritti del lavoro sono stati costantemente inquadrati attraverso la lente della minaccia all’ordine costituito. Questo clima ha favorito il ricorso a strumenti intrusivi di controllo, trasformando la prevenzione del crimine in una complessa operazione di intelligence preventiva e sorveglianza domestica.

In questo scenario, la raccolta informativa ha riguardato tanto le figure legate all’amministrazione statale quanto i gruppi radicali e le organizzazioni per i diritti civili nate nelle università e nelle comunità urbane. La gestione dei dossier federali ha riflesso le priorità mutevoli dei vertici dell’agenzia, oscillando tra la caccia allo spionaggio filosovietico e l’infiltrazione nelle strutture comunitarie. Gli atti declassificati documentano con precisione questo percorso, evidenziando una sovrapposizione costante tra indagini penali e vigilanza politica.

Dalle piazze ai palazzi del potere: l’estensione del perimetro investigativo

Il perimetro dell’osservazione federale non si è limitato ai confini statunitensi, ma ha seguito le ramificazioni internazionali di conflitti, commerci e alleanze strategiche. Dai consorzi commerciali come Amtorg Trading Corporation ai movimenti paramilitari anticastristi come Alpha 66, la sicurezza nazionale ha inglobato questioni finanziarie, diplomatiche e militari. Ogni contatto transnazionale con governi esteri o movimenti di liberazione è diventato oggetto di dettagliati rapporti investigativi e monitoraggi prolungati nel tempo.

Parallelamente, l’attenzione federale si è concentrata sugli sviluppi tecnologici, scientifici e legali che potevano incidere sugli equilibri del potere nazionale. Enti professionali, istituzioni di ricerca scientifica e associazioni di categoria sono stati catalogati e analizzati per prevenire infiltrazioni o fughe di informazioni critiche. Questo approccio ha prodotto un archivio monumentale, la cui analisi retrospettiva permette oggi di valutare l’impatto reale di tali operazioni sul tessuto democratico e sociale dell’epoca.

Attori

Figure individuali sottoposte a monitoraggio

Tra i singoli soggetti tracciati nei fascicoli declassificati compaiono figure chiave della politica, dell’amministrazione e della militanza civile:

  • William Albertson: dirigente del partito comunista americano, bersaglio nel 1964 dell’operazione di snitch jacket con cui l’FBI fabbricò un documento falso per farlo apparire come un informatore dell’agenzia.
  • Donald Crichton Alexander: avvocato tributarista nominato Commissioner of Internal Revenue dal presidente Richard Nixon nel maggio 1973, rimasto in carica fino al febbraio 1977.
  • Saul Alinsky: saggista e organizzatore comunitario, autore di Rules for Radicals, attivo nel miglioramento delle condizioni dei quartieri poveri e dei ghetti afroamericani.
  • Paul Allen: cofondatore di Microsoft Corporation nel 1975 insieme a Bill Gates, programmatore e filantropo presente nelle rilevazioni patrimoniali e industriali.
  • Guy Banister: ex agente dell’FBI, vicedirettore della polizia di New Orleans e investigatore privato, legato ad ambienti anticomunisti e a gruppi paramilitari.
  • Dennis Banks: cofondatore nel 1968 dell’American Indian Movement a Minneapolis, attivista e insegnante impegnato nella tutela dei nativi americani.
  • Bernard Barker: agente operativo e scassinatore coinvolto nello scandalo Watergate.
  • Lester Barlow: inventore e ingegnere che sviluppò bombe aeree e siluri impiegati durante il primo conflitto mondiale.
  • Sanford Bates: primo direttore del Federal Bureau of Prisons nominato nel 1930, giurista e riformatore penitenziario.
  • Melvin Belli: avvocato noto per cause civili di rilievo, difensore di Jack Ruby dopo l’uccisione di Lee Harvey Oswald.
  • Juan Mari Brás: fondatore del Puerto Rican Socialist Party e sostenitore dell’indipendenza di Porto Rico.
  • Harry Bridges: leader sindacale dell’International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union e promotore dello sciopero marittimo della West Coast del 1934.
  • Gerald Bull: ingegnere canadese specializzato in artiglieria a lungo raggio e ideatore del progetto Project Babylon per l’Iraq, assassinato a Bruxelles nel marzo 1990.
  • Barbara Bush: First Lady degli Stati Uniti dal 1989 al 1993, moglie e madre di presidenti statunitensi.
  • Zvonko Bušić: responsabile del dirottamento aereo del volo TWA 355 nel settembre 1976 per rivendicazioni nazionaliste croate.
  • Roberto Calvi: presidente del Banco Ambrosiano, trovato morto a Londra nel giugno 1982 nell’ambito di un dissesto finanziario e politico.
  • Roy Cohn: consigliere capo del senatore Joseph McCarthy durante le audizioni del 1954 e consulente legale di Donald Trump.
  • Mark Felt: direttore associato dell’FBI, rivelatosi nel 2005 come la fonte anonima nota come Deep Throat nello scandalo Watergate.
  • Jim Garrison: procuratore distrettuale di New Orleans che condusse indagini giudiziarie sull’assassinio di John F. Kennedy.
  • Alger Hiss: funzionario diplomatico coinvolto nella fondazione delle Nazioni Unite, accusato di spionaggio pro-sovietico nel 1948 e condannato per falsa testimonianza nel 1950.
  • Adolf Hitler: cancelliere tedesco, sui cui presunti piani di fuga post-bellici e minacce di attentato nel 1933 l’FBI raccolse informative fino al dopoguerra.
  • Ion Mihai Pacepa: generale della Securitate romena e consigliere presidenziale fuggito negli Stati Uniti nel 1978.
  • Oleg Penkovsky: colonnello del GRU sovietico che fornì informazioni decisive sulle postazioni missilistiche a Cuba prima di essere giustiziato nel 1963.
  • Erich Priebke: capitano delle SS condannato per l’eccidio delle Fosse Ardeatine del 24 marzo 1944 a Roma.

Organizzazioni, movimenti e corpi istituzionali

La documentazione declassificata cataloga una vasta molteplicità di enti collettivi, associazioni politiche, emittenti mediatiche e corporazioni economiche:

  • Alpha 66: organizzazione paramilitare anticastrista formata da esuli cubani nei primi anni Sessanta, operante negli Stati Uniti meridionali.
  • Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA): gruppo politico studentesco fondato a Berkeley nel 1968, attivo nelle lotte del Third World Liberation Front.
  • Citizens’ Council: rete di organizzazioni segregazioniste e suprematiste bianche fondata nel 1954 per contrastare l’integrazione scolastica e i diritti civili nel Sud degli Stati Uniti.
  • Church of Scientology: movimento religioso fondato da L. Ron Hubbard, sottoposto a verifiche e raccolta di fascicoli per centinaia di pagine.
  • Highlander Folk School: centro educativo fondato nel 1932 nel Tennessee per la formazione sindacale e la preparazione dei leader delle battaglie civili.
  • Nation of Islam: movimento religioso e sociale fondato a Detroit nel 1930 da Wallace D. Fard Muhammad per l’emancipazione degli afroamericani.
  • Amtorg Trading Corporation: prima rappresentanza commerciale sovietica negli Stati Uniti, costituita a New York nel 1924.
  • Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) e Cryptome.org: organizzazioni e piattaforme dedicate alla difesa dei diritti digitali, alla privacy e alla pubblicazione di dati di pubblico interesse.
  • Battelle Memorial Institute e Fusion Energy Foundation: enti operanti nella ricerca scientifica applicata e nella promozione tecnologica dell’energia nucleare.
  • Organizzazioni di categoria e media: American Bar Association, American Psychiatric Association, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), British Broadcasting Company (BBC) e National Black Network.

Analisi critica delle evidenze

Operazioni coperte e manipolazione dell’informazione

Dall’esame della documentazione emerge chiaramente l’utilizzo di metodologie volte alla disarticolazione dei gruppi monitorati attraverso l’inganno documentale. Il fascicolo relativo a William Albertson costituisce una prova tangibile della strategia definita snitch jacket, consistente nella creazione deliberata di falsi rapporti investigativi per far apparire un dirigente politico come spia governativa. Tale pratica mirava a provocare espulsioni, isolamento e fratture interne ai partiti di opposizione senza ricorrere a processi giudiziari formali.

«William Albertson, an American communist party leader who in 1964 was the subject of a snitch jacket, an FBI project to forge and plant a fictional report identifying him as an informant for the Bureau.»

Questa citazione testuale certifica come l’agenzia non si limitasse alla raccolta passiva di intelligence, ma intervenisse direttamente per alterare la realtà interna delle organizzazioni. La fabbricazione di prove apriva scenari in cui la reputazione e la sicurezza personale dei cittadini venivano sacrificate per finalità di disinformazione domestica. L’analisi critica delle carte rivela la distanza esistente tra la missione statutaria di polizia giudiziaria e le operazioni coperte condotte sul terreno politico.

La distruzione sistematica delle carte e i vuoti archivistici

Un aspetto strutturale evidenziato dai rilasci declassificati riguarda l’indisponibilità definitiva di ampi segmenti della memoria istituzionale. In molteplici casi, tra cui i dossier riguardanti Saul Alinsky, il procuratore James Louis Browning e i rilievi integrativi su Adolf Hitler, le risposte ufficiali dell’agenzia confermano che consistenti blocchi di registri sono stati distrutti nel corso degli anni. Questa cancellazione materiale di prove crea zone d’ombra che impediscono una ricostruzione esaustiva delle responsabilità operative dell’epoca.

«I requested additional records from the FBI (based on their statement that additional records could exist.) The final determination is that the material was destroyed.»

La distruzione deliberata o regolamentare delle carte rappresenta una barriera invalicabile per il controllo democratico e per la ricerca storica indipendente. La perdita di questi archivi solleva interrogativi legittimi sui criteri che hanno guidato l’eliminazione dei documenti e su quali operazioni coperte siano state definitivamente sottratte allo scrutinio pubblico. Il fenomeno della distruzione documentale dimostra che la declassificazione, per quanto ampia, fornisce un quadro necessariamente frammentario.

Tra finanza, estremismo e sicurezza scientifica

L’ampiezza tematica dei soggetti archiviati evidenzia come l’intelligence federale abbia costantemente monitorato i canali di finanziamento e le reti transnazionali. I fascicoli su Roberto Calvi e il Banco Ambrosiano documentano l’attenzione riservata alle connessioni tra finanza internazionale, logge riservate e circuiti bancari vaticani. Allo stesso modo, le indagini su enti scientifici come il Battelle Memorial Institute o su progetti balistici evidenziano il timore della proliferazione di tecnologie strategiche durante gli anni della corsa agli armamenti.

Nel campo dell’estremismo politico, l’FBI ha schedato sia formazioni suprematiste bianche come i Citizens’ Councils sia movimenti studenteschi come l’Asian American Political Alliance. Le carte evidenziano una particolare attenzione per i contatti esteri tra attivisti universitari e dirigenti politici comunisti asiatici tra il 1969 e il 1972. Questa sorveglianza generalizzata dimostra la convinzione degli analisti federali secondo cui ogni movimento di rivendicazione civile potesse costituire un canale di influenza ostile orchestrato dall’esterno.

Domande aperte e percorsi di verifica

La consultazione di queste migliaia di pagine declassificate lascia aperti nodi investigativi che richiedono ulteriori verifiche documentali. Rimangono oscuri i passaggi relativi ai fondi trasferiti attraverso canali bancari esteri, così come rimangono inediti ampi volumi di fascicoli su vicende di terrorismo e su organizzazioni per la salute riproduttiva, per le quali sono stati stimati costi proibitivi di rilascio. L’attività investigativa indipendente deve proseguire attraverso ricorsi mirati per ottenere l’accesso alle porzioni di archivio ancora trattenute o trasferite presso i National Archives.

Trasparenza e base giuridica

I documenti oggetto di questa analisi provengono dalla raccolta tematica pubblicata dall’archivio indipendente The Black Vault, intitolata FBI Files: Historical Figures & Groups. L’intero corpus è stato reso accessibile mediante istanze presentate ai sensi del Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), lo strumento normativo che garantisce l’accesso agli atti della pubblica amministrazione statunitense.

In conformità con il titolo 17 del codice degli Stati Uniti (17 U.S.C. § 105), gli atti prodotti da dipendenti ed enti del governo federale rientrano nel pubblico dominio e non sono soggetti a restrizioni di diritto d’autore. L’aggregatore che ha curato la digitalizzazione non rivendica diritti proprietari sulle carte, consentendone la libera consultazione e analisi per scopi di ricerca storica, giornalismo investigativo e tutela dell’interesse pubblico.

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Il testo è stato verificato contro i fatti elencati, estratti dall'atto qui sopra. Non ha ancora una corroborazione da fonti indipendenti.

I 20 fatti verificati nel testo
  1. Titolo del documento: "FBI Files: Historical Figures & Groups"
  2. Ente o archivio che lo pubblica: The Black Vault — archivio documenti desecretati
  3. Documento di riferimento: https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/fbi-files-historical-figures-groups/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=fbi-files-historical-figures-groups
  4. Data del documento: Tue, 30 Jun 2026 06:00:45 +0000
  5. Sintesi pubblicata dalla fonte: [FBI Files / Domestic & Foreign Intelligence] Background Welcome to the FBI Files on Historical Figures & Groups archive at The Black Vault. This comprehensive collection provides a unique lens into the lives and activities of various prominent individuals and groups that have played significant roles in shaping history. These files offer a rare glimpse into the FBI's surveillance, investigation, and documentation [...] The post FBI Files: Historical Figures & Groups first appeared on The Black Vault .
  6. Passaggio 1 del documento: Welcome to the FBI Files on Historical Figures & Groups archive at The Black Vault. This comprehensive collection provides a unique lens into the lives and activities of various prominent individuals and groups that have played significant roles in shaping history.
  7. Passaggio 2 del documento: These files offer a rare glimpse into the FBI's surveillance, investigation, and documentation of notable personalities and organizations, revealing the intricate ways they interacted with or were perceived by the U.S. government. From influential political leaders and activists to groundbreaking cultural figures, these documents span a wide spectrum of history and provide an invaluable resource for understanding the past.
  8. Passaggio 3 del documento: As you navigate through this archive, you will encounter a diverse array of FBI files, each telling a story that contributes to our understanding of historical events and figures. These files include detailed investigations, surveillance reports, and correspondences, all of which highlight the complex relationship between these figures and the federal agency.
  9. Passaggio 4 del documento: Whether you are a student, researcher, or history enthusiast, this archive serves as a fascinating portal into the past, offering insights into the motives, actions, and societal impacts of some of the most intriguing figures and groups in history.
  10. Passaggio 5 del documento: This collection is not just about the individuals and groups it covers, but also about the broader context of American history and the role of national security in it.
  11. Passaggio 6 del documento: Albertson, William – [492 Pages, 135MB] – William Albertson, an American communist party leader who in 1964 was the subject of a snitch jacket, an FBI project to forge and plant a fictional report identifying him as an informant for the Bureau.
  12. Passaggio 7 del documento: Albertson, William – [4 Pages, 2.37MB] – Records are now destroyed, which may indicate the below release in 2011 may be among what was destroyed. It's also possible those files are now at NARA, as there is a huge list of numbers that were transferred, as archived here with this letter. The Black Vault did not pursue getting them.
  13. Passaggio 8 del documento: Albertson, William – [2,563 Pages, 125.3MB] – (Source: GovernmentAttic.org Release) Alexander, Donald Crichton – [106 Pages, 125.3 MB] – Donald Crichton Alexander (May 22, 1921 – February 2, 2009) was a tax lawyer and Nixon administration official. Alexander was appointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue by President Richard Nixon in May 1973, and was replaced in February 1977, early in the Jimmy Carter administration. Alinsky, Saul FBI Release, June 2016 – [462 Pages, 31.7MB] – I requested additional records from the FBI (based on their statement that additional records could exist.) The final determination is that the material was destroyed. SEE LETTER HERE ) Alinsky, Saul File #100-BA-30057, NARA Release, August 2016 – [32 Pages, 35.7 MB] Saul David Alinsky (January 30, 1909 – June 12, 1972) was an American community organizer and writer. He is generally considered to be the founder of modern community organizing. He is often noted for his 1971 book Rules for Radicals. In the course of nearly four decades of political organizing, Alinsky received much criticism, but also gained praise from many public figures. His organizing skills were focused on improving the living conditions of poor communities across North America. In the 1950s, he began turning his attention to improving conditions in the African-American ghettos, beginning with Chicago's and later traveling to other ghettos in California, Michigan, New York City, and a dozen other “trouble spots”. His ideas were adapted in the 1960s by some U.S. college students and other young counterculture-era organizers, who used them as part of their strategies for organizing on campus and beyond. Time magazine wrote in 1970 that “It is not too much to argue that American democracy is being altered by Alinsky's ideas.” Conservative author William F. Buckley, Jr. said in 1966 that Alinsky was “very close to being an organizational genius”. Allen, Paul – [160 Pages, 28MB] – Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He was best known for co-founding Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which helped spark the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. Microsoft became the world's largest personal computer software company. Allen was ranked as the 44th-wealthiest person in the world by Forbes in 2018, with an estimated net worth of $20.3 billion at the time of his death. Alpha 66 – [1,347 Pages, 67.5MB] – Alpha 66 is an anti-Castro paramilitary organization that operates in the Southern United States. The group was originally formed by Cuban exiles in the early 1960s and was most active in the late 1970s and 1980s. Although its base of support has greatly eroded due to the end of the Cold War and the thawing of relations between the United States and Cuba, Alpha 66 is still active today and is recognized as a terrorist organization by state governments and research groups alike. America's Most Wanted – FBI Release #1 – [355 Pages, 18MB] America's Most Wanted – FBI Release #2 – [377 Pages, 18MB] – America's Most Wanted is an American television program that was produced by 20th Television. At the time of its cancellation by the Fox television network in June 2011, it was the longest-running program in the network's history (25 seasons), a mark since surpassed by The Simpsons. The show started off as a half-hour program on February 7, 1988. In 1990, the show's format was changed from 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The show's format was reverted to 30 minutes in 1995, and then back to 60 minutes in 1996. A short-lived syndicated spinoff titled America's Most Wanted: Final Justice aired during the 1995-96 season. Note: Although America's Most Wanted was not the main subject of a file, the FBI released their files that mentioned America's Most Wanted in connection to their respective files. This batch, is everything they sent. American Alliance of Museums – [109 Pages, 53.9 MB] – The American Alliance of Museums (AAM), formerly the American Association of Museums, is a non-profit association that has brought museums together since its founding in 1906, helping develop standards and best practices, gathering and sharing knowledge, and advocating on issues of concern to the museum community. AAM is dedicated to ensuring that museums remain a vital part of the American landscape, connecting people with the greatest achievements of the human experience, past, present and future. AAM is the only organization representing the entire scope of museums and professionals and nonpaid staff who work for and with museums. AAM currently represents more than 25,000 individual museum professionals and volunteers, 4,000 institutions and 150 corporate members. Individual members span the range of occupations in museums, including directors, curators, registrars, educators, exhibit designers, public relations officers, development officers, security managers, trustees and volunteers. American Bar Association – [114 Pages, 5.7MB] – The American Bar Association (ABA), founded August 21, 1878, is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. The ABA's most important stated activities are the setting of academic standards for law schools, and the formulation of model ethical codes related to the legal profession. The ABA has 410,000 members. In 1979, half of all lawyers in the U.S. were members of the ABA; in 2019, 20% of the nation's lawyers were members. The organization's national headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois; it also maintains a significant branch office in Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association (APA) – [259 Pages, 148.5MB] – The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. Its some 36,000 members are mainly American but some are international. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used worldwide as a guide for diagnosing disorders. American Psychological Association (APA) – [14 Pages, 6.2MB] – The American Psychological Association (APA) is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States, with over 118,000 members including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students. The APA has an annual budget of around $115m. There are 54 divisions of the APA—interest groups covering different subspecialties of psychology or topical areas. Amtorg Trading Corporation – [259 Pages, 146MB] – Amtorg Trading Corporation, also known as Amtorg (short for Amerikanskaia Torgovlia, Russian: Амторг), was the first trade representation of the Soviet Union in the United States, established in New York in 1924 by merging Armand Hammer's Allied American Corporation (Alamerico) with Products Exchange Corporation (Prodexco) and Arcos-America Inc. (the U.S. branch of All Russian Co-operative Society, ARCOS, in Great Britain). Asian American Political Alliance – [1,663 Pages, 83.4 MB] – The Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA) was a political organization started at University of California, Berkeley in 1968 that aimed to unite all Asian Americans under one identity to push for political and social action. The two main chapters were at UC Berkeley, and San Francisco State College, both of which became heavily involved in the larger Asian American movement throughout the 1960s, including at the Third World Liberation Front strikes at SF State and at UC Berkeley. The AAPA identified as an anti-imperialistic, Third World political organization that fought for self-determination and liberation for Asian Americans. They expressed solidarity and support for other people of color throughout the US and throughout the world, particularly in colonized or recently decolonized countries. The AAPA's participation in the Third World Liberation Front strikes at SF State and UC Berkeley resulted in the creation of a School of Ethnic Studies at SF State and an Ethnic Studies department at UC Berkeley. The AAPA was also involved in movements such as the Black Power Movement and the anti-Vietnam War movement. Although both main chapters were short-lived and disbanded in 1969, the AAPA played a large role in the Asian American movement and was influential in encouraging other Asian Americans to get involved in political action. This release covers the FBI investigation of the group and its leaders from 1969 through 1972. The FBI was especially interested in the contact the group or its members had with Chinese communists abroad. Austin, Louis – [139 Pages, 86MB] – A devout and visionary Philadelphia entrepreneur who foresaw a prosperous industry in bottling Capon Springs water. The bottling business was abandoned after 1959, when Lou retired, although the water remains available free of charge at fountains and faucets. Baldrige, Letitia – [34 Pages, 1.53 MB] – Letitia Baldrige (February 9, 1926 – October 29, 2012) was an American etiquette expert and public relations executive who was most famous for serving as Jacqueline Kennedy's Social Secretary. Known as the “Doyenne of Decorum”, she wrote a newspaper column, ran her own PR firm, and, along with updating Amy Vanderbilt's Complete Book of Etiquette, she published 20 books and appeared on Late Night with David Letterman and the cover of Time Magazine. Banco Ambrosiano [4 Pages, 1.4 MB] – Banco Ambrosiano was an Italian bank that collapsed in 1982. At the centre of the bank's failure was its chairman, Roberto Calvi and his membership in the illegal Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due (aka P2). Vatican Bank was Banco Ambrosiano's main shareholder, and the death of Pope John Paul I in 1978 is rumored to be linked to the Ambrosiano scandal. Vatican Bank was also accused of funneling covert United States funds to Solidarity and the Contras through Banco Ambrosiano. Banister, Guy [297 Pages, 32.9 MB] Banister, Guy – Release #2 [335 Pages, 20.3 MB] – William Guy Banister (March 7, 1901 – June 6, 1964) was an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, an Assistant Superintendent of the New Orleans Police Department, and a private investigator. After his death, he gained notoriety from allegations made by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison that he had been involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. He was an avid anti-communist, alleged member of the Minutemen, the John Birch Society, Louisiana Committee on Un-American Activities, and alleged publisher of the Louisiana Intelligence Digest. He also supported various anti-Castro groups in the New Orleans area: “Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front”; “Anti-Communist League of the Caribbean”; “Friends of Democratic Cuba”. According to the New Orleans States-Item newspaper, “Guy [Banister] participated in every anti-Communist South and Central American revolution that came along, acting as a key liaison man for the U.S. government-sponsored anti-Communist activities in Latin America.” Banks, Dennis – FBI Release #1 – [324 Pages, 200MB] Banks, Dennis – FBI VAULT Release #1 – [681 Pages, 31MB] – Dennis Banks (April 12, 1937, in Ojibwe – October 29, 2017) was a Native American activist, teacher, and author. He was a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he co-founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968 to represent urban Indians. Barker, Bernard Leon (FBI File) – [352 Pages, 23.57 MB] Barker, Bernard Leon (Secret Service File) – [ 18 Pages, 0.9 MB ]- Bernard Leon Barker (March 17, 1917 – June 5, 2009) was a Watergate burglar. He had a long career as an undercover operative. Barlow, Lester – FBI Release #1 – [235 Pages, 46MB] Barlow, Lester – Archived Release #1 (Archived from a third party requester – may be duplicated pages) – [239 Pages, 13.6MB] – Lester Pence Barlow was an American inventor and engineer, known for his significant contributions to military technology during World War I. Born in the late 19th century, Barlow's innovative spirit led him to develop some of the first aerial bombs and torpedoes, revolutionizing modern warfare. His designs were instrumental in advancing aerial combat capabilities, providing a crucial edge to Allied forces. Barlow's work not only demonstrated remarkable technical prowess but also highlighted the transformative impact of aerial munitions in 20th-century military strategy. His legacy endures as a testament to the pivotal role of inventive engineering in warfare. Battelle Memorial Institute – [261 Pages, 23.57MB] – Battelle Memorial Institute (more widely known as simply Battelle) is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Battelle is a charitable trust organized as a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State of Ohio and is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code because it is organized for charitable, scientific and education purposes. The institute opened in 1929 but traces its origins to the 1923 will of Ohio industrialist Gordon Battelle which provided for its creation. Originally focusing on contract research and development work in the areas of metals and material science, Battelle is now an international science and technology enterprise that explores emerging areas of science, develops and commercializes technology, and manages laboratories for customers. Baikowitz, Dr. Bernardo Benes – [115 Pages, 20MB] – Dr. Bernardo Benes Baikowitz (27 December 1934 in Matanzas, Cuba – 14 January 2019 in Miami, Florida) was a prominent Jewish Cuban lawyer, banker, journalist and civic leader, who was responsible for freeing 3,600 Cuban political prisoners in 1978. Bates, Sanford – [254 Pages, 24MB] Bates, Sanford – [201 Pages, 5MB] – Sanford Bates (1884–1972) was an American lawyer, public official, and pioneering corrections administrator best known as the first director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons. Before his federal service, he practiced law in Massachusetts and served in the state legislature, gaining a reputation for progressive views on criminal justice. Appointed in 1930, Bates shaped the early philosophy and structure of the federal prison system, emphasizing professional administration, standardized procedures, rehabilitation, and humane treatment. After leaving the Bureau in 1937, he continued to influence corrections nationally as the head of the New Jersey Department of Institutions and Agencies and through leadership roles in the American Prison Association. His career left a lasting legacy on modern correctional management and reform. Belli, Melvin – [369 Pages, 39.9 MB] – Melvin Mouron Belli (July 29, 1907 – July 9, 1996) was a prominent American lawyer known as “The King of Torts” and by insurance companies as “Melvin Bellicose.” He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, The Rolling Stones, Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, Martha Mitchell, Maureen Connolly, Lana Turner, Tony Curtis, and Mae West. He won over $600 million in judgments during his legal career. He was also the attorney for Jack Ruby, who shot Lee Harvey Oswald for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Berkshire Hathaway (Cross References)- [96 Pages, 3.8MB] – Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska. Founded by Oliver Chace in 1839 as a textile manufacturing company, it was eventually taken over by Warren Buffett in the mid-1960s, transforming it into a diversified powerhouse with investments in a vast range of sectors including insurance, utilities, rail transportation, and consumer goods, among others. Renowned for its consistent performance and Buffett's unique investment philosophy, Berkshire Hathaway stands as one of the most respected and valuable companies in the world. Blaichman, Frank (Cross References) – [10 Pages, 1.3MB] – Frank Blaichman (December 11, 1922 – December 27, 2018), also known as Ephraim Blaichman, occasionally spelled Frank Bleichman, and in Polish Franek or Franciszek Blajchman, was a Holocaust survivor who was a Polish-Jewish leader of an armed organization during World War II. Bras, Juan Mari – [19 Pages, 14MB] – Juan Mari Brás (December 2, 1927 – September 10, 2010) was an advocate for Puerto Rican independence from the United States who founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP). On October 25, 2006, he became the first person to receive a Puerto Rican citizenship c
  14. Passaggio 9 del documento: ertificate from the Puerto Rico State Department. These documents were obtained, after a FOIA appeal. Bridges, Harry – [199 Pages, 151MB] – Harry Renton Bridges (1901-1990) was a prominent Australian-born American labor leader who played a crucial role in the labor movement on the West Coast of the United States. Emigrating to the U.S. in 1920, Bridges became a leading figure in the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), known for his advocacy of workers' rights and his efforts to unionize dockworkers. He led the pivotal 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike, which resulted in significant gains for workers and established the ILWU as a powerful force in labor relations. Despite facing numerous legal battles, including accusations of being a communist, Bridges remained a steadfast and influential advocate for labor rights until his death, leaving a lasting legacy in the American labor movement. British Broadcasting Company (BBC) – [15 Pages, 1MB] – The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London, and it is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 22,000 staff in total, more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed-contract staff are included. Browning, James Louis – [192 Pages, 78MB ] – James Louis Browning, Jr. (December 8, 1932 – January 12, 2016) was a California jurist. He served as United States Attorney for the Northern District of California from 1969 to 1977 and later as a municipal, then state judge. He was the lead prosecutor in the sensational case that sent newspaper heiress Patty Hearst to prison in 1976. Many documents on Mr. Browning were destroyed, as indicated by the FOIA response letter. Burgman, Herbert John – [239 Pages, 54.5MB ] – Herbert John Burgman (1894–1953) was an American broadcaster and journalist who became notorious for his role as a propagandist during World War II. Born in Hokah, Minnesota, Burgman served in the U.S. Army during World War I and subsequently found work in Berlin as a clerk at the American Embassy. He remained in Germany after the Nazis rose to power and became involved with German radio broadcasting. During World War II, he became known for his anti-Semitic and pro-Nazi broadcasts under the pseudonym “Joe Scanlon,” attempting to demoralize Allied troops with disinformation. After the war, he was arrested, tried for treason in the U.S., and sentenced to imprisonment in 1949. He died in prison a few years later. Burning Man – [19 Pages, 6.7 MB] – Burning Man is an annual gathering that takes place at Black Rock City—a temporary community erected in the Black Rock Desert in Nevada. The event is described as an experiment in community and art, influenced by 10 main principles, including “radical” inclusion, self-reliance and self-expression, as well as community cooperation, gifting and decommodification, and leaving no trace. First held in 1986 on Baker Beach in San Francisco as a small function organized by Larry Harvey and a group of friends, it has since been held annually, spanning from the last Sunday in August to the first Monday in September (the U.S. Labor Day); for example, Burning Man 2015 took place August 30 – September 7, 2015. Bull, Gerald – FBI Release #1 – [69 Pages, 30MB] Bull, Gerald – FBI Release #2 – [7 Pages, 1MB]Gerald Vincent Bull (March 9, 1928 – March 22, 1990) was a Canadian engineer who developed long-range artillery. He moved from project to project in his quest to economically launch a satellite using a huge artillery piece, to which end he designed the Project Babylon “supergun” for the Iraqi government. Bull was assassinated outside his apartment in Brussels, Belgium in March 1990. Burning of the ROTC Building at Kent State University, 1970 – [68 Pages, 27.6MB] – The burning of the ROTC building at Kent State University occurred on May 2, 1970, amid a backdrop of intense national protests against the Vietnam War. Students at the university had been increasingly vocal in their opposition to the war, and tensions reached a boiling point when President Nixon announced the expansion of the war into Cambodia. The ROTC building, symbolizing military presence on campus, was set ablaze by protesters, leading to significant unrest. This event was a precursor to the tragic shootings on May 4, 1970, when the Ohio National Guard opened fire on unarmed students, resulting in four deaths and nine injuries, marking a pivotal moment in the anti-war movement and American history. Bush, Barbara – FBI Vault Release #1 – [61 Pages, 4.5MB] Bush, Barbara – FBI Release #1 – [6 Pages, 2.64MB] – Barbara Pierce Bush (June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018) was the first lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 as the wife of President George H. W. Bush, and the founder of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy. She previously was the second lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Among her six children are George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, and Jeb Bush, the 43rd governor of Florida. She and Abigail Adams are the only two women to be the wife of one U.S. president and the mother of another. Busic, Zvonko – FBI Release #1 – [110 Pages, 45.5MB] Busic, Zvonko – FBI Release #2 – [96 Pages, 40MB] Busic, Zvonko – FBI Release #3 – [70 Pages, 4.5MB] Busic, Zvonko – DOJ/OIP Release #1 – [4 Pages, 0.5MB] – Zvonko Bušić (23 January 1946 – 1 September 2013) was a Croatian emigrant, responsible for hijacking TWA Flight 355 in September 1976. He was subsequently convicted of air piracy and spent 32 years in prison in the United States before being released on parole and deported in July 2008. On 10 September 1976, Zvonko and his wife, Julienne, along with Petar Matanić and Frane Pešut, hijacked a commercial Trans World Airlines plane, Boeing 727, Flight 355, heading from New York to Chicago. The mastermind of the hijacking, Zvonko Bušić, delivered a note to the captain in which he informed him that the airplane was hijacked, that the group had five gelignite bombs on board, and that another bomb was planted in a locker across from The Commodore Hotel in New York with further instructions. NOTE: There are an additional 7,300 pages on Busic that have yet to be released. If anyone would like to sponsor this file – please CONTACT ME . Byers, Louis T. – FBI Release #1 – [6 Pages, 1MB] Byers, Louis T. – FBI Release #2 – [326 Pages, 187MB] – Louis Temple Byers (July 4, 1931 – October 22, 1981) was an early official of the Willis Carto backed National Youth Alliance. Byers was the NYA leader from 1969 through 1971 until Dr. William Pierce assumed control of the organization. Byers was once a paid coordinator for the John Birch Society in Pittsburgh. Byers founded the Francis Parker Yockey Society. In 1968, Byers was a Pennsylvania organizer for the Gov. George C. Wallace campaign when he ran for president on the American Independent Party ticket. In October 1981 Louis T. Byers died of cancer. Byrd, David Harold – FBI Release #1- [18 Pages, 1MB] Byrd, David Harold – FBI Release #2- [14 Pages, 1MB] – David Harold “Dry Hole” Byrd (24 April 1900 – 14 September 1986) was a noted Texan producer of petroleum, and a co-founder of the Civil Air Patrol. Byrd's cousin, polar explorer Richard E. Byrd, named Antarctica's Harold Byrd Mountains for him. Cahill, Thomas J. – [116 Pages, 66.8MB ] – Thomas J. Cahill was the chief of police of San Francisco, California from 1958 to 1970 and still has the distinction of having the longest tenure as chief of police in San Francisco history, serving under three mayors (George Christopher, John F. Shelley , and Joseph Alioto) through decades that saw tremendous social changes and upheavals. People called him Tom. He was born June 8, 1910, on Montana Street on the North Side of Chicago. His family returned to County Kilkenny, Ireland, when he was a child, and Cahill returned to San Francisco in 1930. Cain, Herman – [114 Pages, 21MB] – Herman Cain was an American businessman, writer, and political figure, born on December 13, 1945, in Memphis, Tennessee, and passed away on July 30, 2020. He rose to prominence as a successful businessman, most notably serving as the CEO of Godfather's Pizza, a role in which he notably turned the company's fortunes around. Cain also served as the chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch. He gained political attention during his campaign for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, where he was known for his “9-9-9” tax reform plan, which proposed replacing the current tax system with a 9% business transaction tax, a 9% personal income tax, and a 9% federal sales tax. Cain's life was a blend of corporate success and political aspiration, making him a notable figure in American business and politics. Calvi, Roberto – [34 Pages, 16.3MB ] – Roberto Calvi (13 April 1920 – 17 June 1982) was an Italian banker dubbed “God's Banker” (Italian: Banchiere di Dio) by the press because of his close association with the Holy See. A native of Milan, Calvi was Chairman of Banco Ambrosiano, which collapsed in one of modern Italy's biggest political scandals. His death in London in June 1982 is a source of enduring controversy and was ruled a murder after two coroner's inquests and an independent investigation. In Rome, in June 2007, five people were acquitted of the murder. Cameron, Edwin – FBI Release #1 – [55 Pages, 6MB] Cameron, Edwin – FBI Release #2 – [9 Pages, 1.2MB] – Edwin Cameron was the NSA’s top analyst on foreign rocketry and missile activities, with an additional specialization in Soviet-era space activities. Cameron, Lyle – [129 Pages, 6.5MB ] – Lyle Cameron was a well know skydiver, and published a magazine on the topic. Caruso, Pietro – FBI Release #1 – [4 Pages, 1.0MB] Caruso, Pietro – FBI Release #2 – [3 Pages, 0.7MB]Pietro Caruso (born 10 November 1899 in Maddaloni – died 22 September 1944 in Rome) was an Italian Fascist and head of the Italian police during the final part of World War II. Together with Herbert Kappler, the German Gestapo chief in Rome, Caruso organised the massacre in Fosse Ardeatine on 24 March 1944 as revenge for an attack the day before by Italian partisans on a column of German soldiers in Rome. 335 people, many of them belonging to a Communist military resistance group, were shot during the massacre. Church of Scientology – [1,519 Pages, 749MB] – (Note: Very large file. Recommend right clicking and downloading to your hard drive) Developed by L. Ron Hubbard, Scientology is a religion that offers a precise path leading to a complete and certain understanding of one’s true spiritual nature and one’s relationship to self, family, groups, Mankind, all life forms, the material universe, the spiritual universe and the Supreme Being. Scientology addresses the spirit—not the body or mind—and believes that Man is far more than a product of his environment, or his genes. Citzens' Council – FBI Release #1 – [829 Pages, 192MB] Citzens' Council – FBI Release #2 – [22 Pages, 12.9MB] Citzens' Council – FBI Release #3 – [20 Pages, 7MB] – The Citizens' Councils (also referred to as White Citizens' Councils) were an associated network of white supremacist, extreme right organizations in the United States, concentrated in the South. The first was formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens' Councils of America. With about 60,000 members across the United States, mostly in the South, the groups were founded primarily to oppose racial integration of schools following the US Supreme Court ruling in 1954 that segregated public schools were unconstitutional. They also opposed voter registration efforts in the South, where most blacks had been disenfranchised since the turn of the 20th century, and integration of public facilities during the 1950s and 1960s. Members used intimidation tactics including economic boycotts, firing people from jobs, propaganda, and committing violence against citizens and civil-rights activists. Cochran, Jr., Johnnie – [99 Pages, 39MB] – Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. (October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) was an American lawyer best known for his leadership role in the defense and criminal acquittal of O.J. Simpson for the murder of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend, Ron Goldman. Cochran represented Sean Combs during his trial on gun and bribery charges, as well as Michael Jackson, Tupac Shakur, Todd Bridges, football player Jim Brown, Snoop Dogg, former heavyweight champion Riddick Bowe, 1992 Los Angeles riot beating victim Reginald Oliver Denny, and inmate and activist Geronimo Pratt. He represented athlete Marion Jones when she faced charges of doping during her high school track career. Cochran was known for his skill in the courtroom and his prominence as an early advocate for victims of police brutality. Cohn, Roy – [748 Pages, 100MB] – Roy Marcus Cohn (February 20, 1927 – August 2, 1986) was an American lawyer best known for being Senator Joseph McCarthy's chief counsel during the Army–McCarthy hearings in 1954, for assisting with McCarthy's investigations of suspected communists, as a top political fixer, and for being Donald Trump's personal lawyer. The Black Vault's FOIA Case number for reference (no letter is attached to this since it was released electronically) is 1432506-000.
  15. Passaggio 10 del documento: Crouch, Paul Franklin – [ 76 Pages, 33.5 MB ] – Paul Franklin Crouch (March 30, 1934 – November 30, 2013) was an American Christian broadcaster. Crouch, along with his wife Jan, and televangelist Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network in 1973 (TBN). Cryptome.org – [125 Pages, 38.5 MB] – Cryptome is a 501(c)(3) private foundation created in 1996 by John Young and Deborah Natsios and sponsored by Natsios-Young Architects. The site collects information about freedom of expression, privacy, cryptography, dual-use technologies, national security, intelligence, government secrecy. Cult of the Dead Cow – [73 Pages, 10MB] – Cult of the Dead Cow, also known as cDc or cDc Communications, is a computer hacker and DIY media organization founded in 1984 in Lubbock, Texas. Darrow, Clarence – [ File #1 ] – Clarence Darrow was a lawyer from the 1900's to 1930's. There have been many books on him, an estimated number of fifty. He was the best orator of his time and was coveted at all kinds of debates.Once he had moved from Ohio, he quickly became the most successful lawyer in Chicago, and grew to be the most famous lawyer in all of history. This is Miscellaneous material and correspondence regarding the famous attorney. Dean, Arthur Hobson – [113 Pages, 55MB] – Arthur Hobson Dean (1898–1987) was a New York City lawyer and diplomat who was viewed as one of the leading corporate lawyers of his day, as well having served as a key adviser to numerous U.S. presidents. Dean was chairman and senior partner of Sullivan & Cromwell, where he worked closely with John Foster Dulles. He was the chief U.S. negotiator at Panmunjeom where he helped negotiate the Korean Armistice Agreement, which ended the Korean War, and also helped draft and negotiate the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963. Dean was a member (and later served on the Board of Directors) of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Asia Society and served as a delegate to the United Nations. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group and participated in 14 conferences between 1957 and 1975. Deatherage, George – FBI Release #1 – [2,294 Pages, 1.5GB] Please note: This is a extremely large file of 1.5 gigabyte — it is recommended you right click and download the file to your desktop Deatherage, George – FBI Release #2 – [100 Pages, 67MB] – George Edward Deatherage (November 15, 1893 – March 31, 1965) was an American political activist and a promoter of nationalism. A native of Minnesota and an engineer by training, he authored several books on construction. Delaney, Edward Leo – [260 Pages, 156.9 MB] – Edward Leo Delaney (December 12, 1885 – July 1, 1972) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was indicted on charges of treason in 1943, but after the war the charges were dropped due to lack of evidence. DePugh, Robert Boliver – [1,485 Pages, 799.7MB] – Robert Boliver “Bob” DePugh (15 April 1923 – 30 June 2009) was an American anti-Communist activist who founded the Minutemen militant anti-Communist organization in 1961. Douglas, Donald Willis – [8 Pages, 5.2MB] – Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (April 6, 1892 – February 1, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and engineer. An aviation pioneer, he designed and built the Douglas Cloudster. Though it failed in its intended purpose—being the first to fly non-stop across the United States—it became the first airplane with a payload greater than its own weight. Dummar, Melvin – [15 Pages, 4.4MB] – Melvin Earl Dummar (August 28, 1944 – December 9, 2018) was a Utah man who gained attention when he claimed to have saved reclusive business tycoon Howard Hughes in the Nevada desert in 1967, and to have been awarded part of Hughes' vast estate. Dummar's claims resulted in a series of court battles that all ended in rulings against Dummar. A Las Vegas jury determined in 1978 that the will, leaving Dummar $156 million, was a forgery. Dummar's story was later adapted into Jonathan Demme's film Melvin and Howard in 1980, in which he was portrayed by actor Paul Le Mat. A 2005 reinvestigation of the circumstances surrounding the so-called Dummar Will yielded new evidence not previously known. Duncan, Donald – [242 Pages, 109.2 MB] – Master Sergeant Donald Walter “Don” Duncan (March 18, 1930 – March 25, 2009) was a U.S. Army Special Forces soldier who served during the Vietnam War, helping to establish the guerrilla infiltration force Project DELTA there. Following his return to the United States, Duncan became outspoken in his opposition to the conflict and became one of the leading public figures in opposition to the war. Duncan is best remembered as the military editor of the radical monthly magazine, Ramparts, during the Vietnam conflict and for his testimony to the 1967 Russell Tribunal detailing American war crimes in Vietnam. Eisenhower, Milton S. – [20 Pages, 1.2MB] – Milton Stover Eisenhower (September 15, 1899 – May 2, 1985) was an American educational administrator. He served as president of three major American universities: Kansas State University, Pennsylvania State University, and Johns Hopkins University. He was the younger brother of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) – [9 Pages, 4.44 MB] – The Electronic Frontier Foundation is the leading nonprofit organization defending civil liberties in the digital world. Founded in 1990, EFF champions user privacy, free expression, and innovation through impact litigation, policy analysis, grassroots activism, and technology development. We work to ensure that rights and freedoms are enhanced and protected as our use of technology grows. Elmhurst, Ernest F. – [445 Pages, 34MB] – Ernest Frederick Elmhurst, originally named Hermann Fleischkopf, was born on July 27, 1891, and passed away on March 1, 1967. He is most known for his book “The World Hoax” published in 1939. Elmhurst's activities often placed him in controversial situations, notably his participation as an American delegate in the Pan-Aryan Anti-Jewish Union conference in Erfurt, Germany, in August 1937, sponsored by World Service. He also faced legal challenges, including his role as a defendant in the Great Sedition Trial of 1944. During this time, he worked as a head waiter at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington but was dismissed following the intervention of political gossip columnist Walter Winchell on his national radio show. Additionally, in October 1945, Elmhurst was arrested in New York City, along with others, on charges of unlawful assembly and selling pamphlets on Jewish ritual murder, resulting in a six-month sentence in a work house. Elmhurst also ventured into East Germany secretly in 1952 and 1956 to observe conditions in the communist country​​​​​​​​. Epstein, Hedy – [9 Pages, 245.7MB] – Hedy Epstein (August 15, 1924 – May 26, 2016) was a German-born Jewish-American political activist known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement. Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, and lived in St. Louis, Missouri, for many years. Equifax – [41 Pages, 14.8MB] – Equifax Inc. is a data analytics and technology company that assists organizations and individuals in making informed business and personal decisions. Headquartered in Atlanta, Ga., Equifax operates or has investments in 24 countries in North America, Central and South America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. It is a member of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500® Index, and its common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol EFX. Equifax employs over 10,000 employees worldwide. FBI Undercover Operations and Guidelines – [ File #1 ] – Although not a historical figure file, it does should the history of the FBI and the domestic surveillance programs. I felt it would be a fit here. Feeney, Leonard – [233 Pages, 131MB] Feeney, Leonard Cross References – [15 Pages, 7MB]Father Leonard Edward Feeney (February 18, 1897 – January 30, 1978) was an American Jesuit priest, poet, lyricist, and essayist. He articulated and defended a strict interpretation of the Roman Catholic doctrine, extra Ecclesiam nulla salus (“outside the Church there is no salvation”). He took the position that baptism of blood and baptism of desire are unavailing and that therefore no non-Catholics will be saved. Fighting against what he perceived to be the liberalization of Catholic doctrine, he came under ecclesiastical censure. He was described as Boston's homegrown version of Father Charles Coughlin for his antisemitism. Felt, Mark – [233 Pages, 131MB] – William Mark Felt Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) was an American law enforcement officer who worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1942 to 1973 and was known for his role in the Watergate scandal. Felt was an FBI special agent who eventually rose to the position of Associate Director, the Bureau's second-highest-ranking post. Felt worked in several FBI field offices prior to his promotion to the Bureau's headquarters. In 1980 he was convicted of having violated the civil rights of people thought to be associated with members of the Weather Underground, by ordering FBI agents to break into their homes and search the premises as part of an attempt to prevent bombings. He was ordered to pay a fine, but was pardoned by President Ronald Reagan during his appeal. In 2005, at age 91, Felt revealed that during his tenure as associate director of the FBI he had been the notorious anonymous source known as “Deep Throat” who provided The Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with critical information about the Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974. Though Felt's identity as Deep Throat was suspected, including by Nixon himself it had generally remained a secret for 30 years. Felt finally acknowledged that he was Deep Throat after being persuaded by his daughter to reveal his identity before his death. Fensterwald, Bernard – [280 Pages, 160.8MB] – Bernard “Bud” Fensterwald Jr. (August 2, 1921 – April 2, 1991) was an American lawyer who defended James Earl Ray and James W. McCord Jr. Other notable clients included Mitch WerBell, Richard Case Nagell and the widow of John Paisley. Field, Frederick Vanderbuilt – [283 Pages, 14MB] – Frederick Vanderbilt Field was an American leftist political activist and a great-great-grandson of railroad tycoon Cornelius “Commodore” Vanderbilt, disinherited by his wealthy relatives for his radical political views. Field became a specialist on Asia and was a prime staff member and supporter of the Institute of Pacific Relations. He also supported Henry Wallace's Progressive Party and so many openly Communist organizations that he was accused of being a member of the Communist Party. He was a top target of the American government during the peak of 1950s McCarthyism. Field denied ever having been a party member but admitted in his memoirs, “I suppose I was what the Party called a ‘member at large.'” Finders Cult – FBI Release #1 – [373 Pages, 196MB] Finders Cult – FBI Release #2 – [280 Pages, 120MB] – A bizarre and rarely heard about cult that allegedly deals with white slave traffic, sexual exploitation of children, and satanic rituals. It also found its way into many “Pizzagate” conspiracy theories. Not much is known, but here is a pile of hundreds of documents released on the “cult.” Fischer, Robert “Bobby” Release #1 – [ 14 Pages, 6.6 MB ] Fischer, Robert “Bobby” Release #2 – [ 10 Pages, 1.8 MB ] – Robert James “Bobby” Fischer (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster, the eleventh World Chess Champion. Many consider him the greatest chess player of all time. In 1972, he captured the World Chess Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR in a match held in Reykjavík, Iceland, publicized as a Cold War confrontation which attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since. In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, the game's international governing body, over one of the conditions for the match. This allowed Soviet GM Anatoly Karpov, who had won the qualifying Candidates' cycle, to become the new world champion by default under FIDE rules. There may be additional records, which I have requested. I will add them here, if they become available. Fitzgerald, A. Ernest – [15 Pages, 160.8MB] – Arthur Ernest “Ernie” Fitzgerald (July 31, 1926 – January 31, 2019) was an American engineer, a member of the Senior Executive Service in the United States Air Force, and a prominent U.S. government whistleblower. Ford, Henry – [ File #1 | File #2 | File #3 | File #4 | File #5 ] – These records consist of seven files involving Henry Ford on various subjects, such as his being the victim of an extortion attempt, kidnapping plots, jury tampering, and a State Department investigation. FTX – [11 Pages, 3MB] – FTX, founded in 2017 by Sam Bankman-Fried and Gary Wang, rapidly emerged as one of the world's leading cryptocurrency exchanges. It distinguished itself with a comprehensive range of products including derivatives, options, volatility products, and leveraged tokens. FTX was designed to cater to both retail and institutional traders, offering innovative features such as a centralized collateral pool and a tiered liquidation model, aimed at reducing clawback risks associated with leveraged trading. The platform quickly gained a reputation for its user-friendly interface, deep liquidity, and a robust, agile infrastructure that could handle high trading volumes and complex trading strategies. FTX's growth trajectory and influence in the cryptocurrency market were significant, as it ventured into realms like tokenized stocks and prediction markets, further solidifying its position as a versatile and influential player in the digital asset space. Fully Informed Jury Association – [193 Pages, 11.5MB] – The Fully Informed Jury Association (FIJA), founded in 1989, is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to educating the public about jurors’ rights, powers, and responsibilities within the American legal system. FIJA promotes the idea that jurors serve not only as finders of fact but also as a final check on government power, emphasizing the historical concept of jury nullification—the ability of jurors to acquit defendants if they believe a law is unjust or improperly applied. Through educational campaigns, publications, and grassroots outreach, the organization seeks to empower citizens to make independent, conscientious decisions in the jury box. FIJA remains a prominent voice in discussions about civic duty, legal reform, and the balance between law and justice. Fusion Energy Foundation – FBI Release #1 – [205 Pages, 25MB] Fusion Energy Foundation – FBI Release #2 – [64 Pages, 5.5MB] – The Fusion Energy Foundation (FEF) was a U.S.-based nonprofit organization founded in 1974 that promoted research and public support for nuclear fusion as a long-term solution to global energy needs. It published Fusion magazine, organized conferences, and sought to influence policymakers by advocating increased federal funding for fusion research and related high-technology development. Although it portrayed itself as a scientific and educational group, the FEF was closely associated with Lyndon LaRouche’s political network, a connection that ultimately drew controversy and criticism. The foundation was dissolved in the mid-1980s, but it remains a notable example of the intersection between science advocacy and political movements during the Cold War era. Fusion GPS – [11 Pages, 3MB] – Fusion GPS is a commercial research and strategic intelligence firm based in Washington, D.C. The company conducts open-source investigations and provides research and strategic advice for businesses, law firms and investors, as well as for political inquiries, such as opposition research. The “GPS” initialism is derived from “Global research, Political analysis, Strategic insight”. Garment, Leonard – [ 338 Pages, 15.26 MB ] – Leonard Garment (May 11, 1924 – July 13, 2013) was an American attorney, public servant, and arts advocate. He served U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford in the White House in various positions from 1969 to 1976, including Counselor to the President, acting Special Counsel to Nixon for the last two years of his presidency, and U.S. Ambassador to the Third Committee at the United Nations. Garrison, Jim – [ 160 Pages, 10.13 MB ] – Earling Carothers “Jim” Garrison (November 20, 1921 – October 21, 1992) – who changed his first name to Jim in the early 1960s – was the District Attorney of Orleans Parish, Louisiana, from 1962 to 1973. A member of the Democratic Party, he is best known for his investigations into the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He was played by Kevin Costner in Oliver Stone's JFK.Requesting additional records on Garrison, other than the above, the FBI informed me that records may have BEEN DESTROYED . In addition, others may exist at the National Archives. I am awaiting a response. General Mills, Inc. – FBI Release #1 – [121 Pages, 70MB] General Mills, Inc. – FBI Release #2 – [423 Pages, 20MB] General Mills, Inc. – FBI Release #3 – [260 Pages, 150MB] General Mills, Inc. – FBI Release #4 – [25 Pages, 3.5MB] – General Mills, Inc., is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of branded consumer foods sold through retail stores. It is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. The company markets many well-known North American brands, including Gold Medal flour, Annie's Homegrown, Betty Crocker, Yoplait, Colombo, Totino's, Pillsbury, Old El Paso, Häagen-Dazs, Cheerios, Trix, Cocoa Puffs, and Lucky Charms. Its brand portfolio includes more than 89 other leading U.S. brands and numerous category leaders around the world. Giacchetto, Dana – FBI Release #1 – [583 Pages, 74.7MB] Giacchetto, Dana – FBI Release #2 – [96 Pages, 3.6MB] Giacchetto, Dana – US Marsha's Release #1 [5 Pages, 4MB] – Dana Giacchetto rose to prominence as an investment adviser and social fixture in Manhattan during the nineties. Some of his clients included Leonardo DiCaprio, Cameron Diaz, Matt Damon, and so on. His career went on a downward spiral when he was arrested for misappropriating between $5 million and $10 million of clients' funds.In 2000, Dana Giacchetto was sentenced to 57 months in prison for securities fraud after stealing between $5 and $10 million from clients at his company Cassandra Group. Giachetto had stolen money from accounts of non-celebrity clients to finance a high-flying lifestyle and give extraordinary returns or mask losses to star clients. He was released in 2003. Giacchetto, notorious both before and after his infamy for partying hard, was discovered by his roommate in his Upper East Side apartment following a bender that included a drunken scuffle with security guards at a Lower East Side club on Friday night. He was pronounced dead early Sunday, a New York Police Dept. official confirmed. Giacchetto was 53. Gillars, Mildred – [669 Pages, 321.6MB] – Mildred Elizabeth Gillars (November 29, 1900 – June 25, 1988), nicknamed “Axis Sally” along with Rita Zucca, was an American broadcaster employed by the Third Reich in Nazi Germany to disseminate propaganda during World War II. She was convicted of treason by the United States in 1949 following her capture in post-war Berlin. Graham, Billy – [477 Pages, 295.3MB] – William Franklin Graham Jr. (November 7, 1918 – February 21, 2018) was an American evangelist, a prominent evangelical Christian figure, and an ordained Southern Baptist minister who became well-known internationally in the late 1940s. One of his biographers has placed him “among the most influential Christian leaders” of the 20th century. Gay, Oscar S. – [27 Pages, 2.95MB] – Oscar S. Gray is a distinguished legal scholar known for his expertise in the field of tort law. As a professor at the University of Maryland School of Law, he has made significant contributions to the understanding and development of tort law principles. Gray is renowned for his co-authorship of the seminal casebook “Harper, James and Gray on Torts,” which is widely used in law schools across the United States. His work has been influential in shaping the way tort law is taught and understood by legal professionals. With a career spanning several decades, Gray has earned a reputation as a leading authority in the field, and his contributions continue to impact the study and practice of tort law. Greenberg, Jack – [58 Pages, 26MB] – Jack Greenberg (December 22, 1924 – October 12, 2016) was an American attorney and legal scholar. He was the Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund from 1961 to 1984, succeeding Thurgood Marshall. He was involved in numerous crucial cases, including Brown v. Board of Education, which ended segregation in public schools. In all, he argued 40 civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. He was Alphonse Fletcher Jr. Professor of Law Emeritus at Columbia Law School, and had previously served as dean of Columbia College and vice dean of Columbia Law School. He died on October 12, 2016. Guccione, Robert “Bob” (Cross References) – [123 Pages, 20.4MB] Guccione, Robert “Bob” (FBI Release #2) – [6 Pages, 20.4MB] – Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione (December 17, 1930 – October 20, 2010) was an American photographer and the founder of the adult magazine Penthouse in 1965. This was aimed at competing with Hugh Hefner's Playboy, but with more extreme erotic content, a special style of soft-focus photography, and in-depth reporting of government corruption scandals. By 1982 Guccione was listed in the Forbes 400 wealth list, and owned one of the biggest mansions in Manhattan. However, he made some extravagant investments that failed, and the growth of free online pornography in the 1990s greatly diminished his market. In 2003, Guccione's publishers filed for bankruptcy and he resigned as chairman. Hahn, David Charles “The Radioactive Boy Scout” – [20 Pages, 7.9MB] – David Charles Hahn (October 30, 1976 – September 27, 2016), sometimes called the Radioactive Boy Scout or the Nuclear Boy Scout, was an American man who in 1994, at age 17, attempted to build a homemade breeder reactor. A scout in the Boy Scouts of America, Hahn conducted his experiments in secret in a backyard shed at his mother's house in Commerce Township, Michigan. While his reactor never reached critical mass, Hahn attracted the attention of local police when he was stopped on another matter and they found material in his vehicle that troubled them, and he warned that it was radioactive. His mother's property was cleaned up by the Environmental Protection Agency ten months later as a Superfund cleanup site. Hahn attained Eagle Scout rank shortly after his lab was dismantled. While the incident was not widely publicized initially, it became better known following a 1998 Harper's article by journalist Ken Silverstein. Hahn was also the subject of Silverstein's 2004 book, The Radioactive Boy Scout. Hammer, Armand – [ File #1 | File #2 | File #3 | File #4 | File #5 | File #6 | File #7 | File #8 | File #9 | File #10 | File #11 | File #12 ] – Noted entrepreneur and art collector Armand Hammer had extensive import-export dealings with the SovietUnion and personally negotiated with Premier Lenin during the 1920's. He later went into the oil business and became head of the Occidental Petroleum Corporation. Hart, Pearl M. – [ 34 Pages, 1.76 MB ] – Pearl M. Hart (1890–1975) was a Chicago attorney notable for her work defending oppressed minority groups. Hart was the first woman in Chicago to be appointed Public Defender in the Morals Court. Most notably, she represented children, women, immigrants, lesbians, and gay men, often without fee or for a nominal fee. She attended The John Marshall Law School and was admitted to the Illinois State Bar in 1914. Highlander Folk School – [1,376 Pages, 64.50 MB] – The Highlander Folk School was originally established in Grundy County, Tennessee. When Highlander was founded in 1932, the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression. Workers in all parts of the country were met with major resistance by employers when they tried to organize labor unions, especially in the South. Against that backdrop, Horton, West and Dombrowski created the Highlander School “to provide an educational center in the South for the training of rural and industrial leaders, and for the conservation and enrichment of the indigenous cultural values of the mountains.” Horton was influenced by observing rural adult education schools in Denmark started in the 19th century by Danish Lutheran Bishop N. F. S. Grundtvig. During the 1930s and 1940s, the school's main focus was labor education and the training of labor organizers. (Source: Ernie Lazar) Hillel International – [288 Pages, 120MB] – Hillel International, founded in 1923 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is the largest Jewish campus organization in the world. Named after the ancient Jewish sage Hillel the Elder, it aims to enrich the lives of Jewish students and support their Jewish identity and leadership development. Hillel operates on more than 550 college campuses across North America and globally, providing educational, cultural, and social programs. The organization fosters a welcoming and inclusive environment, encouraging students to explore and celebrate Jewish traditions and values. Through its various initiatives and activities, Hillel International plays a pivotal role in strengthening Jewish community life and ensuring the continuity of Jewish culture and heritage among young adults. Hiss, Alger (Non Searchable PDF) – [15,823 Pages, 950MB] (Note: Very large file. Recommend right clicking and downloading to your hard drive) Hiss, Alger (Searchable PDF .ZIP file) – [15,823 Pages, 7.5GB] (Note: Very large file. Recommend right clicking and downloading to your hard drive) Hiss, Alger (Searchable PDF Directory Browse) – [15,823 Pages, Various Sizes] Hiss, Alger (FBI “Vault” Release) – [271 Pages, 16.9MB] – Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was an American government official who was accused of being a Soviet Union spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before he was tried and convicted, he was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department official and as a U.N. official. In later life he worked as a lecturer and author. History of the FBI (30 mb) – [ File #1 | File #2 | File #3 | File #4 | File #5 | File #6 | File #7 | File #8 ] – Although not a historical figure file, it does should the history of the FBI and the domestic surveillance programs. I felt it would be a fit here. Hitler, Adolf – [742 Pages, 39.9 MB] Hitler, Adolf – [3 Pages, 0.8MB] – After requesting additional records, I was informed that the remaining files pertaining to Adolf Hitler were destroyed on March 7, 1973.Adolph Hitler (1889-1945) was leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933-1945; he led that country into World War II in 1939. The documents in this file range from 1933 to 1947, but primarily fall either in 1933 or between 1945 and 1947. In 1933, the FBI investigated an assassination threat made against Hitler. In the aftermath of Germany’s surrender in 1945, western Allied forces suspected that Hitler had committed suicide but did not immediately find evidence of his death. At the time, it was feared that Hitler may have escaped in the closing days of the war, and searches were made to determine if he was still alive. FBI Files indicate that the Bureau investigated some of the rumors of Hitler’s survival.
  16. Passaggio 11 del documento: Nation of Islam – [321 Pages, 15.2MB] – The Nation of Islam (NOI) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Detroit, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. The Nation of Islam's stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. National Black Network (NBN) – [5 Pages, 1.6MB] – The National Black Network, or NBN, began operation in July 1973 as the first coast-to-coast radio network wholly owned by African Americans. National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia – [31 Pages, 13.9MB] – The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is “to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.” The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. National States' Rights Party – [69 Pages, 5.21MB] – The National States' Rights Party was a far right, white supremacist party that briefly played a minor role in the politics of the United States. Nordstrom, Inc. – FBI Release #1 – [233 Pages, 9MB] Nordstrom, Inc. – FBI Release #2 – [139 Pages, 76MB] Nordstrom, Inc. – FBI Release #3 – [5 Pages, 76MB] – Nordstrom, Inc. is an American luxury department store chain. Founded in 1901 by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin, it originated as a shoe store and evolved into a full-line retailer with departments for clothing, footwear, handbags, jewelry, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances. Some stores feature home furnishings and wedding departments, and several have in-house cafes, restaurants, and espresso bars. North American Friends of Cuba – [168 Pages, 27MB] – During the 1960s, the “North American Friends of Cuba” emerged as a grassroots coalition united by a common interest in supporting the Cuban Revolution's ideals and advocating for a constructive dialogue between Cuba and North America. Amidst the Cold War tensions and the U.S. embargo against Cuba, the organization worked to challenge the prevailing narratives, aiming to provide a more nuanced view of the Cuban social and political changes. Its members engaged in organizing educational events, circulating publications, and facilitating humanitarian aid, all while promoting the end of the embargo and fostering peaceful relations, at a time when global geopolitics were deeply divided. Olsen, Kenneth – FBI Release #1 – [337 Pages, 160MB] Olsen, Kenneth – FBI Release #2 – [311 Pages, 100MB] Olsen, Kenneth – FBI Release #3 – [6 Pages, 1MB] – Kenneth Harry “Ken” Olsen (February 20, 1926 – February 6, 2011) was an American engineer who co-founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1957 with colleague Harlan Anderson and his brother Stan Olsen. The FBI, in addition to the document releases above, sent a disc of the following photographs: Otash, Fred – [42 Pages, 25.1MB] – Fred Otash (January 7, 1922 – October 5, 1992) was a Hollywood police officer, private investigator, and author. Fred Otash has been interviewed numerous times in the media, including in 1957 by Mike Wallace, which can be viewed online at the University of Texas. Otash worked for Hollywood Research Incorporated, which did business with the tabloid magazine Confidential. He is also known for being hired by Peter Lawford to investigate Marilyn Monroe. Fred Otash also was involved in the investigation of the “Wrong Door Raid” involving Frank Sinatra. Otash died at the age of 70 on October 5, 1992. Otash suffered from emphysema and high blood pressure. He wrote about his life in his memoir, Investigation Hollywood: Memoirs Of Hollywood's Top Private Detective. Fred Otash was the youngest of 6 children and is survived by his daughter, Colleen Otash, and his four sisters, Evelyn Abisalih, Grace Steiner, Selma Otash and Lila Merhige, and one brother Mitchel. Pacepa, Ion Mihai – [9 Pages, 2.86MB] – Ion Mihai Pacepa (28 October 1928 – 14 February 2021) was a Romanian two-star general in the Securitate, the secret police of the Socialist Republic of Romania, who defected to the United States in July 1978 following President Jimmy Carter's approval of his request for political asylum. He was the highest-ranking defector from the former Eastern Bloc, and wrote books and articles on the inner workings of communist intelligence services. His best known work is the book Disinformation. At the time of his defection, Pacepa simultaneously had the rank of advisor to President Nicolae Ceauşescu, acting chief of his foreign intelligence service and a state secretary of Romania's Ministry of Interior. Subsequently, he worked with the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in operations against the former Eastern Bloc. The CIA described his cooperation as “an important and unique contribution to the United States”. Palfrey, Deborah Jeane – The “D.C. Madame” – [65 Pages, 28.3MB] – Deborah Jeane Palfrey (March 18, 1956 – May 1, 2008) (dubbed the D.C. Madam by the news media) operated Pamela Martin and Associates, an escort agency in Washington, D.C. Although she maintained that the company's services were legal, she was convicted on April 15, 2008 of racketeering, using the mail for illegal purposes, and money laundering. Slightly over two weeks later, facing a prison sentence of five or six years, she was found hanged. Autopsy results and the final police investigative report concluded that her death was a “suicide”. Penkovsky, Oleg – FBI Release #1 – [307 Pages, 21MB] Penkovsky, Oleg – FBI Release #2 – [22 Pages, 1MB] – Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky (23 April 1919 – 16 May 1963), codenamed HERO, was a Soviet military intelligence (GRU) colonel during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Penkovsky was responsible for informing the United Kingdom about the Soviet emplacement of missiles in Cuba, thus providing both the UK and the United States with the precise knowledge necessary to address rapidly developing military tensions with the Soviet Union. He was the highest ranking Soviet official to provide intelligence for the UK up until that time, and is one of several individuals credited with altering the course of the Cold War. Phelps, Fred Waldron – [232 Pages, 11.1MB] – Fred Waldron Phelps, Sr. (November 13, 1929 – March 19, 2014) was an American pastor who headed the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC), an independent Baptist church based in Topeka, Kansas. Phelps attained notoriety primarily from his vehemently anti-gay activism and his picketing of funerals of homosexuals and soldiers. Pipes, Richard – [141 Pages, 8.5MB] – Richard Edgar Pipes (July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was an American academic who specialized in Russian history, particularly with respect to the Soviet Union, who espoused a strong anti-communist point of view throughout his career. In 1976, he headed Team B, a team of analysts organized by the Central Intelligence Agency who analyzed the strategic capacities and goals of the Soviet military and political leadership. Pipes was the father of American historian Daniel Pipes. Planned Parenthood – FBI Release #1 – [109 Pages, 49.7MB] Planned Parenthood – FBI Quote for Remainder of File – [3 Pages, 1.1MB] The FBI estimates there are more than 200,000 pages still to be released on Planned Parenthood. The cost for release on CD-ROMs is $6,025.00.Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally. It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3)[4] and a member association of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). PPFA has its roots in Brooklyn, New York, where Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in 1916. Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which changed its name to Planned Parenthood in 1942. PPFA is the largest single provider of reproductive health services, including abortion, in the U.S. In their 2014 Annual Report, PPFA reported seeing over 2.5 million patients in over 4 million clinical visits and performing a total of nearly 9.5 million discrete services including 324,000 abortions. Its combined annual revenue is US$1.3 billion, including approximately US$530 million in government funding such as Medicaid reimbursements. Throughout its history, PPFA and its member clinics have experienced support, controversy, protests, and violent attacks. Popkin, Richard – [16 Pages, 1.2MB] – Richard Henry Popkin (December 27, 1923 – April 14, 2005) was an academic philosopher who specialized in the history of enlightenment philosophy and early modern anti-dogmatism. His 1960 work The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes introduced one previously unrecognized influence on Western thought in the seventeenth century, the Pyrrhonian Scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. Popkin also was an internationally acclaimed scholar on Christian millenarianism and Jewish messianism. Possony, Stefan – [270 Pages, 185MB] – Stefan Thomas Possony (March 15, 1913 – April 26, 1995) was an Austrian-born US economist and military strategist and a Senior Fellow and director of International Studies at the Hoover Institution. He conceived the US Strategic Defense Initiative. Priebke, Erich (FBI File Release #1) – [19 Pages, 24.57MB] Priebke, Erich (FBI File Release #2) – [11 Pages, 0.7MB] Priebke, Erich (Department of State Release #1) Priebke, Erich (Department of State Release #2) – [67 Pages, 1.2MB] Erich Priebke (29 July 1913 – 11 October 2013) was a German Hauptsturmführer (Captain) in the SS police force (Sipo). In 1996 he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for participating in the massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome on 24 March 1944. 335 Italian civilians (among them 75 Italians of Jewish ancestry) were killed in retaliation for a partisan attack that killed 33 German soldiers. Priebke was one of those held responsible for this mass execution. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, he received help from a bishop stationed in Rome and fled to Argentina on a Vatican passport, where he lived for over 50 years. Process Church of the Final Judgement – FBI Release #1 – [95 Pages, 26.7MB] Process Church of the Final Judgement – FBI Release #2 – [152 Pages, 8.4MB] Process Church of the Final Judgement (IRS Release) – [73 Pages, 11.5MB] – The Process Church of the Final Judgment, commonly known as the Process Church, was a religious group established in London in 1966. Its founders were the British couple Mary Ann MacLean and Robert de Grimston and it spread across parts of the United Kingdom and United States during the latter 1960s and 1970s.
  17. Passaggio 12 del documento: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – [123 Pages, 74.2MB] – The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, PBS is an independently operated non-profit organization and is the most prominent provider of television programs to public television stations in the United States, distributing series such as NOVA, Sesame Street, PBS NewsHour, Masterpiece, Nature, American Masters, Frontline, and Antiques Roadshow.
  18. Base giuridica della fonte: The Black Vault — archivio di documenti FOIA in pubblico dominio (17 U.S.C. § 105); l'aggregatore non rivendica diritti sui documenti
  19. VINCOLO DI SCRITTURA: non esiste altra documentazione oltre a quella citata qui, quindi non si aggiungono cifre, nomi o dichiarazioni che non compaiano in questi fatti. Questo e un limite della nostra documentazione: non va raccontato al lettore
  20. REGISTRO: titolo e testo sobri, da archivio investigativo. Niente formule a effetto, niente insinuazioni su cio che non si e potuto verificare
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